[252], Director Billy Wilder described Fitzgerald's foray into Hollywood as like that of "a great sculptor who is hired to do a plumbing job". Deceased on December 21 34. [294], For his first novel, Fitzgerald used as his literary templates H. G. Wells' 1909 work Tono-Bungay and Sir Compton Mackenzie's 1913 novel Sinister Street,[295] which chronicled a young college student's coming-of-age at Oxford University. [274] "The strange thing about the articles that came out about Fitzgerald's death," Dos Passos later recalled, "was that the writers seemed to feel that they didn't need to read his books; all they needed for a license to shovel them into the ashcan was to label them as having been written in such and such a period now past. Then I found I needed liquor too. Fitzgerald worked on his fourth novel, Tender Is the Night (1934), sporadically for almost ten years after . [171] Zelda found condoms he had purchased before any encounter occurred, and a bitter quarrel ensued, resulting in lingering jealousy. [374], Consequently, many of Fitzgerald's characters are defined by their sense of "otherness". Books to readplaces to go. ", Works by F. Scott Fitzgerald in eBook form, Catalog of F. Scott Fitzgerald's Personal Library, American Writers: A Journey Through History, F. Scott Fitzgerald in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia, F. Scott Fitzgerald and 'The Last of the Belles', The Great Gatsby: Music from Baz Luhrmann's Film, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F._Scott_Fitzgerald&oldid=1150318875, 20th-century American short story writers, United States Army personnel of World War I, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 April 2023, at 13:05. [73] Having returned to his hometown as a failure, Fitzgerald became a social recluse and lived on the top floor of his parents' home at 599Summit Avenue, on Cathedral Hill. Today, Key is known for penning "The Star-Spangled Banner.". F. Scott Fitzgerald, in full Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, (born September 24, 1896, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.died December 21, 1940, Hollywood, California), American short-story writer and novelist famous for his depictions of the Jazz Age (the 1920s), his most brilliant novel being The Great Gatsby (1925). [a][3] His mother was Mary "Molly" McQuillan Fitzgerald, the daughter of an Irish immigrant who became wealthy as a wholesale grocer. Isn't she smartshe has the hiccups. Still aspiring to a lucrative career in literature, he wrote several short stories and satires in his spare time. My poems (10) Titles list Rain Before Dawn THE dull, faint patter in the drooping hours Drifts in upon my sleep and fills my hair With damp; the burden of the heavy air Scribner's prepared an initial print run of 20,000 copies. [119] During an intermission, Fitzgerald asked lead actor Ernest Truex if he planned to finish the performance. [98] "They did both look as though they had just stepped out of the sun", Parker recalled, "their youth was striking. The Great Gatsby is the most profoundly American novel of its time; at its conclusion, Fitzgerald connects Gatsbys dream, his Platonic conception of himself, with the dream of the discoverers of America. [238][422] Fitzgerald and his wife Zelda have appeared as characters in the films Midnight in Paris (2011) and Genius (2016). Born on September 24 54. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Zelda Fitzgerald (July 24, 1900 - March 10, 1948), known for her beauty and personality, made a name for herself as a socialite, novelist, dancer, and painter. [50] Dispatched back to the base near Montgomery to await discharge, he renewed his pursuit of Zelda. He also had an intensely romantic imagination, what he once called a heightened sensitivity to the promises of life, and he charged into experience determined to realize those promises. [307][308] Whereas This Side of Paradise had featured workmanlike prose and chaotic organization, The Beautiful and Damned displayed the superior form and construction of an awakened literary consciousness. Here was a new generation, shouting the old cries, learning the old creeds, through a revery of long days and nights; destined finally to go out into that dirty gray turmoil to follow love and pride; a new generation dedicated more than the last to the fear of poverty and the worship of success; grown up to find all Gods dead, all wars fought, all faiths in man shaken. [251] During his work on Winter Carnival (1939), Fitzgerald had an alcoholic relapse and sought treatment by New York psychiatrist Richard Hoffmann. He is best known for his novels depicting the flamboyance and excess of the Jazz Agea term he popularized in his short story collection Tales of the Jazz Age.During his lifetime, he published four novels, four story collections, and 164 short stories. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 - December 21, 1940) was an American author of novels and short stories, whose works are the paradigm writings of the Jazz Age, a term he coined himself. [m][263] Among the attendees were his only child, Scottie, his agent Harold Ober, and his lifelong editor Maxwell Perkins. [67], With dreams of a lucrative career in New York City dashed, Fitzgerald could not convince Zelda that he would be able to support her, and she broke off the engagement in June 1919. [298] This atonal blend of different fictive elements prompted cultural elites to fte the young Fitzgerald as a literary trailblazer whose work modernized a staid literature that had lagged "as far behind modern habits as behind modern history. [49] While stationed there, the Allied Powers signed an armistice with Germany, and the war ended. [234] During the next two years, Fitzgerald rented a cheap room at the Garden of Allah bungalow on Sunset Boulevard. Later he became conscious of his damaged wings and of their construction and he learned to think and could not fly any more because the love of flight was gone and he could only remember when it had been effortless. [b][44] Zelda was one of the most celebrated debutantes of Montgomery's exclusive country club set. [267] In 1975, Scottie successfully petitioned to have the earlier decision revisited, and her parents' remains were moved to the family plot in Saint Mary's.[268]. Living in a villa in a less fashionable part of Cannes, the Fitzgeralds now avoided the Htel du Cap, a celebrity circus where silk-clad matrons used the pool "only for a short hangover dip". On December 21, 1940, Scott returned to Sheilah's apartment from a trip to Schwab's and began to have chest pains. into a supernatural mystery revolving around the Howton family and their belief that one of their relatives has risen from the grave.Ever practical, Clara is determined to prove . [304], When composing The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald chose to depart from the writing process of his previous novels and to fashion a conscious artistic achievement. [221], Fitzgerald's deteriorating health, chronic alcoholism, and financial woes made for difficult years in Baltimore. F. Scott Fitzgerald declared to himself: "Great art is the contempt of a great man for small art" ( N 162). [14] At 13, Fitzgerald had his first piece of fiction published in the school newspaper. The Beautiful and Damned describes a handsome young man and his beautiful wife, who gradually degenerate into a shopworn middle age while they wait for the young man to inherit a large fortune. [142] Fitzgerald sought to confront Jozan and locked Zelda in their house until he could do so. "Scott Fitzgerald" and "Francis Fitzgerald" redirect here. [191] In February 1932, she underwent hospitalization at the Phipps Clinic at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. [183] Fitzgerald returned to his fourth novel but proved unable to make any progress due to his alcoholism and poor work ethic. [296] Although Fitzgerald imitated the plot of Mackenzie's novel, his debut work differed remarkably due to its experimental style. [347][348], The perception of Fitzgerald as the chronicler of the Jazz Age and its insouciant youth led various societal figures to denounce his writings. Wrong username or password. He fell in love with Ginevra King, one of the beauties of her generation. In 1993, a new edition was published as The Love of the Last Tycoon, edited by Matthew J. Bruccoli. The pair had just one child, named Frances (or Scottie). On September 24, 1896, Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born into an Irish Catholic family in St. Paul, Minnesota. [289] Although his peers eventually hailed him as possessing "the best narrative gift of the century," this narrative gift was not perceived as immediately evident in his earliest writings. 5 Life Lessons From F. Scott Fitzgerald March 26, 2019 marks the 99th anniversary of the world first becoming acquainted with one of the most unmistakable figures of the Jazz age. "[272] His New York Times obituary deemed his work forever tied to an era "when gin was the national drink and sex the national obsession". [116] That year, Fitzgerald released an anthology of eleven stories entitled Tales of the Jazz Age. [323], The realization that Fitzgerald had improved as a novelist to point that Gatsby was a masterwork was immediately evident to certain members of the literary world. F. Scott Fitzgerald married Zelda Sayre on April 3, 1920. [349] They decried his use of modern "alien slang" and claimed his depiction of young people engaged in drunken sprees and premarital sex to be wholly fabricated. [236] "She was the first girl I ever loved and I have faithfully avoided seeing her up to this moment to keep the illusion perfect," Fitzgerald informed his daughter Scottie, shortly before the planned meeting. [202], Fitzgerald's own novel debuted in April 1934 as Tender Is the Night and received mixed reviews. 2. "In the Virginia hunt country [364] Although fundamental conflict occurs between entrenched sources of socio-economic power and upstarts who threaten their interests,[366] Fitzgerald's fiction shows that a class permanence persists despite the country's capitalist economy that prizes innovation and adaptability. [187] Following this homicidal incident, doctors diagnosed Zelda with schizophrenia in June 1930. [192], In April 1932, when the psychiatric clinic allowed Zelda to travel with her husband, Fitzgerald took her to lunch with critic H. L. Mencken, by then the literary editor of The American Mercury. 'Zelda and I drank with them. Exactly how Gatsby made his fortune is not clear but it is clear that he is or was involved in some illegal business. [28], Despite the great distance separating them, Fitzgerald still attempted to pursue Ginevra, and he traveled across the country to visit her family's Lake Forest estate. Written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1925, this novel tells a story of the Roaring Twenties, a time of excessive materialism and flashy culture in American history. [110] After their eviction from the Commodore Hotel in May 1920, the couple spent the summer in a cottage in Westport, Connecticut, near Long Island Sound. [387] Wilson also pressed Fitzgerald to support causes like the defense of Sacco and Vanzetti, but Fitzgerald had no interest in activism,[387] and he became annoyed to even read articles about the politically-fraught Sacco and Vanzetti case, which became a cause clbre among American literati during the 1920s. [326] Charles Jackson, author of The Lost Weekend, wrote that Gatsby was the only flawless novel in the history of American literature. While writing The Beautiful and Damned, Fitzgerald inserted sentences from his wife's diary. [279] Despite its publication nearly a century ago, the work continues to be cited by scholars as relevant to understanding contemporary America. For the rest of his lifeexcept for occasional drunken spells when he became bitter and violentFitzgerald lived quietly with her. Scott Fitzgerald in a letter to H. L. Mencken, 1934[269], At the time of his death, Fitzgerald believed his life a failure and that his work was forgotten. He is best known for his novel "The Great Gatsby" (1925), considered a masterpiece. F. Scott Fitzgerald was a 20th-century American short-story writer and novelist. F. Scott Fitzgerald, study by Gordon Bryant ( Shadowland, January 1921). During this period, Fitzgerald frequented Europe, where he befriended modernist writers and artists of the "Lost Generation" expatriate community, including Ernest Hemingway. [104] At the peak of his commercial success and cultural salience, Fitzgerald recalled traveling in a taxi one afternoon in New York City and weeping when he realized that he would never be as happy again. [328] Nevertheless, a minority opinion praised the work as the best American novel since The Great Gatsby. His wife, Zelda, who has been insane for years, is now confined at the Sheppard-Pratt Hospital, and he is living in Park Avenue with his little daughter, Scottie". In 1937, Fitzgerald went to work in Hollywood. F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) was an American writer, whose books helped defined the Jazz Age. start. [73] Abstaining from alcohol and parties,[74] he worked day and night to revise The Romantic Egotist as This Side of Paradisean autobiographical account of his Princeton years and his romances with Ginevra, Zelda, and others. [419] Other theatrical productions of Fitzgerald's life include Frank Wildhorn's 2005 musical Waiting for the Moon,[420] and a musical produced by the Japanese Takarazuka Revue. [284] Fitzgerald detested the house and deemed it an architectural monstrosity. Famous poet / F Scott Fitzgerald 1896-1940 Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born on September 24, 1896, in St. Paul, Minnesota, to Edward and Mollie McQuillan Fitzgerald. [56][57], Upon his discharge on February14, 1919, he moved to New York City, where he unsuccessfully begged the editors of various newspapers for a job. [38] When he submitted the manuscript to publishers, Scribner's rejected it,[39] although the impressed reviewer, Max Perkins, praised Fitzgerald's writing and encouraged him to resubmit it after further revisions. Zelda broke their engagement, and, after an epic drunk, Fitzgerald retired to St. Paul, Minnesota, to rewrite for the second time a novel he had begun at Princeton. [204] Hemingway and others argued that such criticism stemmed from superficial readings of the material and from Depression-era America's reaction to Fitzgerald's status as a symbol of Jazz Age excess. F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway first met in a caf. During her youth, Zelda Sayre's wealthy Southern family employed half-a-dozen domestic servants, many of whom were African-American. Scott was the best friend a person could have to me". [368], Much of Fitzgerald's fiction is informed by his life experiences as a societal outsider. The Fitzgeralds' troubled family life has inspired numerous biographies, novels, movies, and TV series. The grandchildren of proud Irish immigrants, Joseph Patrick Kennedy and Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald were the patriarch and matriarch of the large, influential American Kennedy clan.The parents of nine childrenincluding our 35th President, John F. Kennedy, and two U.S. [9] His parents sent him to two Catholic schools on Buffalo's West Sidefirst Holy Angels Convent (19031904) and then Nardin Academy (19051908). [121] Fitzgerald viewed his stories as worthless except for "Winter Dreams", which he described as his first attempt at the Gatsby idea. [304], Nevertheless, Mencken conceded that Fitzgerald came the closest to capturing the wealthy's "idiotic pursuit of sensation, their almost incredible stupidity and triviality, their glittering swinishness". [300], Although critics praised This Side of Paradise as highly original, they eviscerated its form and construction. [366][382], Although many contemporary critics and literary peers regarded Fitzgerald as possessing "the best narrative gift of the century. "[146][147], Following this incident, the Fitzgeralds relocated to Rome,[148] where he made revisions to the Gatsby manuscript throughout the winter and submitted the final version in February 1925. The novel's success allowed him to marry Zelda and made him a celebrity at the age of 23. . [137] He had already written 18,000 words for his novel by mid-1923 but discarded most of his new story as a false start. Despite its lackluster debut, The Great Gatsby is now hailed by some literary critics as the "Great American Novel". [11], Procter & Gamble fired his father in March 1908, and the family returned to Saint Paul. [75], While revising his novel, Fitzgerald took a job repairing car roofs at the Northern Pacific Shops in St. [167] This "whoring", as Hemingway called these sales, emerged as a sore point in their friendship. Life seemed so promising always when he was around. [280] During the COVID-19 pandemic, the society organized an online reading of This Side of Paradise to mark its centenary. While living in Hollywood, he cohabited with columnist Sheilah Graham, his final companion before his death. [383], Poet Edna St. Vincent Millay, who met Fitzgerald during his years abroad in Paris, likened him to "a stupid old woman with whom someone has left a diamond; she is extremely proud of the diamond and shows it to everyone who comes by, and everyone is surprised that such an ignorant old woman should possess so valuable a jewel". Please try again. And according to biographers, his "crazy" wife Zelda seems to be his victim, not the other way round. [411] Other Fitzgerald short stories have been adapted into episodes of anthology television series,[412] as well as the 2008 film The Curious Case of Benjamin Button. [201] Scribner's published Zelda's novel in October 1932, but it was a commercial and critical failure. She was 64. [256] On the night of December20, 1940, Fitzgerald and Graham attended the premiere of This Thing Called Love. [384] His friend Edmund Wilson concurred with Millay's assessment and averred that Fitzgerald was a gifted writer with a vivid imagination who did not have any intellectual ideas to express. Fitzgerald is famous for his depictions of the Jazz Age (the 1920s), especially in his novel The Great Gatsby. F. Scott Fitzgerald was named after a famous ancestorFrancis Scott Key. [172] In December 1926, after two unpleasant years in Europe which considerably strained their marriage, the Fitzgeralds returned to America. "[244] As Graham had read none of his works, Fitzgerald attempted to buy her a set of his novels. [386], Wilson attempted to convince Fitzgerald to write about America's social problems, but Fitzgerald did not believe that fiction should be used as a political instrument. [157], Surveying these posthumous attacks, John Dos Passos opined that many literary critics in popular newspapers lacked the basic discernment about the art of writing. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 December 21, 1940) was an American novelist, essayist, and short story writer. [119] The bored audience walked out during the second act. [217] Beginning that year, Fitzgerald mocked himself as a Hollywood hack through the character of Pat Hobby in a sequence of 17 short stories. [123], Despite enjoying the Long Island milieu, Fitzgerald disapproved of the extravagant parties,[124] and the wealthy people he encountered often disappointed him. It sold well enough to warrant additional print runs reaching 50,000 copies. [381], Because of such themes, scholars assert that Fitzgerald's fiction captures the perennial American experience, since it is a story about outsiders and those who resent themwhether such outsiders are newly-arrived immigrants, the nouveau riche, or successful minorities. [76], Fitzgerald's debut novel appeared in bookstores on March26, 1920 and became an instant success. [161], In contrast to his friendship with Scott, Hemingway disliked Zelda and described her as "insane" in his memoir, A Moveable Feast. At the Biltmore, Scott did handstands in the lobby,[94] while Zelda slid down the hotel banisters. "For years, I thought our family had all the dolls. Half the time he thought of himself as the heir of his fathers tradition, which included the author of The Star-Spangled Banner, Francis Scott Key, after whom he was named, and half the time as straight 1850 potato-famine Irish. As a result he had typically ambivalent American feelings about American life, which seemed to him at once vulgar and dazzlingly promising. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Despite being a mediocre student . The Great Gatsby, published in 1925, was written by the acclaimed author, F. Scott Fitzgerald. [25][26] While Fitzgerald attended Princeton, Ginevra attended Westover, a Connecticut women's school. Hemingway on Fitzgerald. In October 1939 he began a novel about Hollywood, The Last Tycoon. [290] Believing that prose has a basis in lyric verse,[291] Fitzgerald initially crafted his sentences entirely by ear and, consequently, his earliest efforts contained numerous malapropisms and descriptive non sequiturs which irritated both editors and readers. [107], During this hedonistic era, alcohol increasingly fueled the Fitzgeralds' social life,[108] and the couple consumed gin-and-fruit concoctions at every outing. [128] Purportedly born in America to a German immigrant family, Gerlach had been a major in the American Expeditionary Forces during World WarI and became a gentleman bootlegger who lived like a millionaire in New York. Updates? [404] As early as 1922, critic John V. A. Weaver noted that Fitzgerald's literary influence was already "so great that it cannot be estimated. [31] Her imperious father Charles Garfield King purportedly told a young Fitzgerald that "poor boys shouldn't think of marrying rich girls. [394], Throughout his literary career, Fitzgerald often drew upon the private correspondence, diary entries, and life experiences of other persons to use in his fiction. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They are different from you and me. Scott Fitzgerald, "The Rich Boy" (1926)[356], A recurrent theme in F. Scott Fitzgerald's fiction is the psychic and moral gulf between the average American and wealthy elites. [271] Margaret Marshall in The Nation dismissed Fitzgerald as a Jazz Age scribe "who did not fulfill his early promisehis was a fair-weather talent which was not adequate to the stormy age into which it happened, ironically, to emerge. By this time, the field of literature had greatly changed due to the onset of the Great Depression, and once popular writers such as Fitzgerald and Hemingway who wrote about upper-middle-class lifestyles were now disparaged in literary periodicals whereas so-called "proletarian novelists" enjoyed general applause. Years in Europe which considerably strained their marriage, the society organized an online of... Inspired numerous biographies, novels, movies, and a bitter quarrel ensued, in... Night ( 1934 ), especially in his spare time a commercial and critical failure Side of Paradise mark! 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