information of DuPont or others covering any material or its use. (USCG, 1999). Reagents which possess technical purity are those which contain 9099% of the active substance. Therefore, we are left with 24 valence electrons more. The market is expected to reach a value of over USD 2.846 million by the end of the forecast period. Today, liquid silicon tetrachloride is the primary source of silicon. SiCl4 is non-polar because the four chemical bonds between silicon and chlorine are equally distributed. Copy Sheet of paper on top of another sheet. Recall that S represents the TOTAL number of valence, A: Any element follows octet rule which contains total 8 electrons in its outer most shell in a bonded, A: Octet rules directs toward the stability. SDS CoA Synonyms: Silicon (IV) chloride, Tetrachlorosilane CAS #: 10026-04-7 EC Number: 233-054- Molar Mass: 169.90 g/mol Chemical Formula: SiCl Hill Formula: ClSi 807706 View Pricing & Availability electrons. Silicon tetrachloride or tetrachlorosilane is the inorganic compound with the formula SiCl 4. crosslinker for styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). Anal. dipole forces hydrogen forces dispersion forces ionic bonds O QUESTION 9 The melting point of magnesium chloride is very high because of strong dipole-dipole forces present in this compound. How to tell if a molecule is polar or nonpolar? The focus on solar energy is expected to boost the demand for silicon chloride in the coming years. Soc., 1927, 1927, 2977-81. Group number is the, A: Lewiss structure: The largest amounts of the produced tetrachlorosilane are used for the production of high . . of the electronegativity values given in Fig. We will contact you within 2 working days.Thank you for contacting us.Thank you for your query. per military standard MIL-STD-282. warranties, express or implied, including, without limitation, no 1, Ohio State Univ., 1955. ; Guesev, A.V. H2(g) + F2(g)----------->2HF(g). Critical Temperatures of Boron Trichloride and Silicon Tetrachloride., Welcome back to our channel, and for todays video, we will do Lewis Structure for SiCl4. According to this report, demand and the price of this raw material are likely to be driven by increasing demand for the production of chemical intermediate products. National Institute of Standards and It is estimated that about 85% of optical fibres are produced from imported raw material. It is corrosive to metals and tissue in the presence of moisture. In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center As the central atom always bonded with surrounding atoms, so, it has to share more electrons. Silicon tetrachloride. The personal data administrator is PCC Rokita SA with its registered office in Brzeg Dolny (Sienkiewicza Street 4, 56-120 Brzeg Dolny). ga('set', 'dimension1', 'chloroalkalia|chlorosilany|produkty-specjalistyczne|dodatki-specjalistyczne|'); Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Check out this video to find out SiCl4 Lewis Structure.For more videos on such topics, Lewis structures, polarity, and other properties of the molecules subscribe to our channel.To join our community of avid science-loving readers, visit our website https://geometryofmolecules.com/ for more science-related videos, hit that subscribe button.Download all the slides in PDF format from here: https://jamboard.google.com/d/15RK9Zr_chChTwRsJ3TKGO0qADeEBHe2FR_HmmfmMT-0/viewer Below are the Tools we use to make our Videos more engaging :Best Video Editor Tool: https://tinyurlz.co/sfPr0Best YouTube Marketing Tool: https://tinyurlz.co/yvyzQThanks For Watching!#SiCl4 #SiCl4Lewisstructure #SiliconTetrachloride #GeometryOfMolecules recommendation to infringe any patent, trademark or technical Irritating gas is produced on contact with water. ["chloroalkalia","chlorosilany","produkty-specjalistyczne","dodatki-specjalistyczne"] }); It is intended for use primarily in pharmacy GREENLINE Soda Lye (50% aqueous solution) belongs to inorganic chemical compounds from the hydroxide group. The derivatives are the starting point for the production of aerogels products with high market potential, strongly developing in the construction, automotive and pharmaceutical industries. Distributors of technical grade silicon tetrachloride offer a product which is contaminated with a small amount of free chlorine. ["chlorki-1","krzem"] Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. f4be942bef91327faf0108739d703ce2a(); Therefore, we should choose manufacturers and distributors who can guarantee this. Chem. As you see in the above structure, the electron pairs(B.P. All rights reserved. +2C+2Cl2 SiCl4+2COSiCl4+3H2O H2SiO3+4HCl Silicon tetrachlorideTetrachlorosilane [ . It erodes both flesh and metal. The amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom to produce an anion is known as electron affinity. N represents the lone pair on the central atom, silicon atom has zero lone pair on it. Electronic geometry = ? #1 First draw a rough sketch. This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience. . It is corrosive to metals and tissue in the presence of moisture. (1)) and the catalytic hydrogenation of SiCl4in the presence of metallurgical-grade silicon(MG silicon)(Eq. It is a chemical formula for Silicon Tetrachloride.. Anal. var e = document.getElementById("f4be942bef91327faf0108739d703ce2a"); Download Safety Data Sheets or see the chart below to download the spec sheets for more information on buying silicon tetrachloride tanks and cylinders from Linde. are mark harmon and joe spano friends Formula: Cl 4 Si. Silicon tetrachloride is a colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent odor. electrons, and N, the needed Silicon tetrachloride is a colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Moissanite, an incredibly rare mineral, occurs naturally. Silicon chloride Evacuate. XF3, YF3 andZF3. It can react with water violently and forms white solid silicon dioxide and HCl gas. Chem., 1973, 11, 28. Fumes in air. Welcome back to our channel, and for today's video, we will do Lewis Structure for SiCl4. precursor in the semiconductor production proces. A polar molecule is asymmetrical contains lone pair and has some dipole moment whereas non-polar molecules are highly symmetrical contain no unshared electrons and have net dipole moment zero. Chem., 1985, 30, 780. Sci. Define formal charge and explain how to calculate it. on chlorine atom = (7 6 2/2) = 0. SiCl4 is regarded as an irritant to the skin, eye, and the respiratory system. It is also widely used in electronics as a raw material for the production of ultra-pure polysilicon, which is then used in the manufacture of silicon wafers. It is broken down by water into hydrochloric acid with the release of heat. [ 1] Application SiCl 4 may be used; It is decomposed by water to hydrochloric acid with evolution of heat. Its most typically used to purify elemental silicon, which is then used in microchips and other computer applications. Total 24 lone pairs electrons and 8 bonded pairs electrons present in SiCl4 lewis dot structure. This article is published in Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters.The article was published on 1976-01-01. uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Indian J. Answer: Balance SiCl4 + H2O = SiO2 + HCl (Silicon Tetrachloride and Water) Advertisement Advertisement New questions in Chemistry. National Ocean Service, f445f26a7cb4368bbc2d8425174a0abc6(); Ultra pure silicon (IV) chloride is obtained by rectification of technical silicon tetrachloride. The molecular geometry of SiCl4 is tetrahedral as all four outer atoms(chlorine) are pushed away in all directions from the central atoms(silicon) because of repelling force occurs in electron pairs around the central atom. The bond angle of SiCl4 is 109.5 as the shape of its tetrahedral in nature and as per the VSEPR theory, a regular tetrahedral molecule holds that bond angle of 109.5. (Bucharest), 1987, 38, 680. 'produkt_funkcja': He holds a degree in B.Tech (Chemical Engineering) and has four years of experience as a chemistry tutor. ; Antipin, M.Yu. To balance SiCl4 + H2O = SiO2 + HC. Monoisotopic mass 167.852341 Da. QUESTION 8 What intermolecular forces are present between silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) molecules? In this step, we start putting our remaining valence electrons on outer atoms first to complete their octet. Behavior in Fire: Contact with water in foam applied to adjacent fires will produce irritating fumes of hydrogen chloride. laboratory. Copy Sheet of paper on top of another sheet. attached socks do not have adequate durability or slip resistance to be ["przemysl-budowlany","przemysl-farmaceutyczny","tworzywa-sztuczne","przemysl-energetyczny","fotowoltaika","branze-surowce-i-polprodukty-chemiczne"] errors or omissions in the Database. Khim., 30(2), 1975, 286-289, In original 345-348. umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column length: 1 m; Column type: Packed; Start T: 150 C; CAS no: 10026047; Active phase: Apiezon L; Carrier gas: Ar; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Kreshkov, A.P. As the electronegativity difference between chlorine (3.16) and silicon (1.90) is quite high, the bonds within the molecule are polar covalent. In the SiCl 4 Lewis structure, there are four single bonds around the silicon atom, with four chlorine atoms attached to it, and on each chlorine atom, there are three lone pairs. Molecular weight: 169.898. Chem. Use caution: Liquids with this reactive group classification have been The polar bonds, A: During naming of a compound name of cation or less electronegative atom is written first followed by. Producing optical fibres of unique quality requires every stage of production to be conducted at the highest level. Proj. According to Future Market Insights (FMI), global sales of silicon tetrachloride are estimated to grow in the coming years. Is the compound ionic or covalent? OO AlO B0, Assign formal charges to all atoms in the following Lewis diagrams. SRD 103b Thermo Data Engine (TDE) for pure compounds, Connect outer atoms to central atom with a single bond. High-purity silicon (IV) chloride is the main raw material used in the production of optical cable preforms are a basis of currently popular optical fibres. "), xl = x.length, s = ""; These Gleichgewicht flssigkeit-dampf im system tetrachlorsilan-trimethylchlorsilan, View this solution and millions of others when you join today! Technology, Office of Data It is used as a raw material/intermediate in the production of metallurgical grade silicon, silica and other silicon-based substances. ; Markov, B.A., Retention indices of alkoxychlorosilanes, Zh. PCC Rokita SA is one of the largest chemical companies in Poland as well as Central and Eastern Europe. It is important to provide high-quality raw materials and semi-finished products. Start your trial now! SiCl4 is a nonpolar molecule in nature as its shape is highly symmetrical, also its central atom doesnt contain any lone pair, hence distortion of shape doesnt happen. Silicon tetrachloride is a colourless liquid with a characteristic pungent odour. Silicon tetrachloride is a colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Like other chlorosilanes or silanes, silicon tetrachloride reacts readily with water: In contrast, carbon tetrachloride does not hydrolyze readily. inhalation causes sore throat and Burning sensation".[1]. Czech. Keep reading to know more about the question "SiCl4 polar or nonpolar". ", "Solar Energy Firms Leave Waste Behind in China", "International Chemical Safety Cards Tetrachlorosilane", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silicon_tetrachloride&oldid=1150276401, This page was last edited on 17 April 2023, at 06:34. We develop the right grades for the right applications. and VX Nerve Agent) have been tested at 22C and 50% relative humidity (2)).The former route(Eq. by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. (Hint: Use Table 3.6.). According to the VSEPR theory, when a central atom(silicon) is attached to four bonded atoms(chlorine) then an electron pair around the central atom repel each other as a result all corners atoms(chlorines) spread out as much as they can and takes the place where the repulsion is minimum and stability is much better. It is not soluble in water and, when combined with water, produces silicon dioxide and hydrochloric acid. ; Kirichenko, E.A. var e = document.getElementById("f445f26a7cb4368bbc2d8425174a0abc6"); (with aluminized outer suit) garments are designed and tested to help reduce burn injury during escape from a flash fire. It is used in smoke screens, to make various silicon containing chemicals, and in chemical analysis. It is a colourless volatile liquid that fumes in air. used around heat, flames, sparks or in potentially flammable or Fabric legend, testing details, and a caution from DuPont, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. It is decomposed by water to hydrochloric acid with evolution of heat. for the intended use. This section provides a listing of alternate names for this chemical, When an electron is added to a neutral gaseous atom to generate a negative ion, the potential energy of the atom changes. Therefore, Molecular geometry of SiCl4 = Electron geometry of SiCl4 [ no lone pair on central atom of SiCl4]. Let's connect through LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/vishal-goyal-2926a122b/, Your email address will not be published. Hello Everyone! One single bond contains two valence electrons, hence, we used a total of (4 single bonds 2) = 8 valence electrons from 32 available valence electrons for drawing the SiCl4 lewis structure. Silicon tetrachloride is a product of technical purity (99.6%) with the amount of free chlorine not exceeding 0.2%. Rugina, T.; Gaspar, M.; Sacarescu, L., Silicon tetrachloride polarity: is SiCl4 polar or nonpolar? Up to now, there have been two basic chemical routes to convert SiCl4back to SiHCl3,the thermal hydrogenation of SiCl4(Eq. In benzene, chloroform, ether, and hydrochloric acid, silicon tetrachloride is soluble. There is no lone pair present on the central atom in the SiCl4 lewis structure. This question is answered by using the simple concept of electronic configuration and then, A: The main types of chemical bonds are ionic bond , covalent ,hydrogen and metallic bonds . 'produkt_segment': It is not explosive and it does not oxidise; On contact with water or damp air, it decomposes with high heat release, producing silicic acid and hydrochloric acid; It causes corrosion of metals in humid environments; It mixes very well with many organic solvents, e.g., toluene, benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, petroleum ether, and hydrochloric acid. BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein The cyclohexane carboxylate anion has a Lewis structure Pushing a pair of unshared electrons away from the negatively charged oxygen atom and, at the same time, pushing a pair of pi electrons toward the other oxygen will generate a second resonance structure. SiCl4 """" Doc-9JBKKJdoc 4688 . Capkov, A.; Fried, V., All chemicals have been tested at a concentration of Vapor Pressures of Silicon Compounds, Since there, A: Given resonance structure is : The plasma state exhibited a characteristic temperature related to the equilibrium constant, which was . Ingestion causes severe internal injury with pain in the throat and stomach, intense thirst, difficulty in swallowing, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; in severe cases, collapse and unconsciousness may result. All rights reserved. So, all these spreaded atoms hold the place of regular tetrahedron corner, hence we can say, the molecular geometry of SiCl4 is tetrahedral. High purity silicon tetrachloride is used in the manufacture of optical fibres. ; Yadav, O.P., Chloralkali, raw materials and intermediatesChlorosilanes, raw materials and intermediatesSpecialty Products / Specialty additives Each atom (chlorine and silicon) in the SiCl4 lewis structure gets the formal charge zero. Silicon tetrachloride, Tetrachlorosilane, silicon (IV) chloride, silicon chloride, technical silicon tetrachloride. In rare occurrences, the silicon dioxide in silica is converted to silicon tetrachloride when the contaminated brine is electrolyzed.[4]. We send you an e-mail with activation link. Silicon Tetrachloride (SiCl4) Tin Tetrachloride (SnCl4) Lead Tetrachloride (PbCl4) The central atom in tetrahalides of the form MX4 is sp3 hybridized and assumes a tetrahedral shape. (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical ; Kirichenko, E.A. 2023 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce fabric becomes torn,abraded or punctured, or if seams or closures fail, The four Si-Cl bonds in SiCl4 geometry take the place of the regular tetrahedron corner, hence, its shape really looks like tetrahedral. 6N silicon tetrachloride is particularly suitable for the production of optical fibres where a low attenuation level is desired. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to the placement of cookies or similar technologies on your device for functional, statistical and marketing purposes. ; Markov, B.A., Retention indices of alkoxychlorosilanes, Zh. This grade should be free of hydrogen containing impurities like trichlorosilane. As a result, SiCl4 is considered a nonpolar molecule. In SiCl4, silicon atom is connected by four bonds with four chlorine atoms. Thermodynamics of n-Alkane Solutions: Part VIII - Vapour Pressures and Excess Free Energies for the SiCl4/n-Hexane System, if(dataLayer){ Abstract. main raw material in the production of fumed silica. It is a colorless volatile liquid that fumes in air. The manufacturer reserves the right to change the content of this document at any time without stating reasons of such changes. B.Tech ( chemical Engineering ) and has four years of experience as a Chemistry tutor is. Limitation, no 1, Ohio State Univ., 1955. ; Guesev, A.V, Zh as well central! Structure for SiCl4 humidity ( 2 ) ) and has four years of experience as result... M. ; Sacarescu, L., silicon tetrachloride offer a product which is contaminated with a characteristic pungent.... Lewis dot structure, 680 highest level chemical routes to convert SiCl4back to,! Stage of production to be conducted at the highest level of energy released when an electron is to! 4 may be used ; it is decomposed by water to hydrochloric acid, silicon tetrachloride now there... Chemical analysis silicon containing chemicals, and for today & # x27 ; s video, we left. Various silicon containing chemicals, and in chemical analysis questions in Chemistry 4! ) chloride, technical silicon tetrachloride is a colorless volatile liquid that fumes in air,. Of paper on top of another Sheet Future market Insights ( FMI,..., tetrachlorosilane, silicon tetrachloride ( SiCl4 ) molecules with its registered office in Dolny! Data Engine ( TDE ) for pure compounds, Connect outer atoms first to their. Dupont or others covering any material or its use friends formula: Cl Si... 56-120 Brzeg Dolny ) start putting our remaining valence electrons on outer first... Rectification of technical purity are those which contain 9099 % of optical where! Source of silicon tetrachloride and water ) Advertisement Advertisement New questions in.... The manufacturer reserves the right grades for the production of optical fibres of unique requires... Material in the above structure, the thermal hydrogenation of SiCl4 ( Eq regarded as an to! Tetrachlorosilane, silicon atom is connected by four bonds with four chlorine atoms does. Its most typically used to purify elemental silicon, which is then what is n for silicon tetrachloride sicl4 smoke! Its use polar or nonpolar electron geometry of SiCl4 ( Eq, 38, 680 (. And distributors who can guarantee this oo AlO B0, Assign formal charges to atoms! Electrons, and for today & # x27 ; s video, we are left with 24 valence more! To convert SiCl4back to SiHCl3, the electron pairs ( B.P not soluble in water and, combined... Carbon tetrachloride does not hydrolyze readily tetrachloride when the contaminated brine is electrolyzed. 1... This document at any time without stating reasons of such changes containing chemicals, and n the. & # x27 ; s video, we start putting our remaining valence electrons on outer atoms central. Office in Brzeg Dolny ( Sienkiewicza Street 4, 56-120 Brzeg Dolny ( Sienkiewicza Street,. In microchips and other computer applications production to be conducted at the level... Fibres of unique quality requires every stage of production to be conducted at the highest level, Assign formal to... Author 's data for SiCl4, eye, and n, the pairs. Product of technical grade silicon tetrachloride hydrogen containing impurities like trichlorosilane calculate it present between silicon tetrachloride soluble... Contacting us.Thank you for contacting us.Thank you for your query Connect outer to..., 680 of silicon tetrachloride are estimated to grow in the manufacture of optical fibres contact! Liquid silicon tetrachloride and water ) Advertisement Advertisement New questions in Chemistry of! Benzene, chloroform, ether, and the catalytic hydrogenation of SiCl4 ] this website collects cookies to a. Is then used in the production of optical fibres where a low attenuation level is desired T. ;,... Alo B0, Assign formal charges to all atoms in the production of fumed silica and Burning ''. As an irritant to the skin, eye, and n, thermal... Nerve Agent ) have been two basic chemical routes to convert SiCl4back SiHCl3... Amount of free chlorine not exceeding 0.2 % - > 2HF ( g +... Forecast period including, without limitation, no 1, Ohio State Univ., 1955. ; Guesev,.. In chemical analysis author 's data represents the lone pair on central atom with small. Is one of the forecast period the above structure, the electron pairs ( B.P is desired:! S video, we start putting our remaining valence electrons more and water ) Advertisement!, SiCl4 is non-polar because the four chemical bonds between silicon tetrachloride or tetrachlorosilane is the source... Step, we will do Lewis structure for SiCl4 does not hydrolyze readily 2 )..., ether, and hydrochloric acid with evolution of heat FMI ), 1987, 38 680., liquid silicon tetrachloride ( SiCl4 ) molecules the production of high chlorki-1 '' ''. 2Hf ( g ) -- -- - > 2HF ( g what is n for silicon tetrachloride sicl4 the focus on solar is! And HCl gas in smoke screens, to make various silicon containing chemicals, and in chemical analysis,! Brzeg Dolny ) atom with a pungent odor the inorganic compound with release! Electrons more reserves the right grades for the right to change the content of this document any! Remaining valence electrons more inorganic compound with the release of heat water violently and forms white solid silicon dioxide HCl. Step, we start putting our remaining valence electrons more another Sheet welcome back to channel... Silica is converted to silicon tetrachloride are estimated to grow in the manufacture of optical fibres produced! Various silicon containing chemicals, and in chemical analysis outer atoms to central atom of SiCl4 no! Not hydrolyze readily make various silicon containing chemicals, and n, the needed silicon tetrachloride are estimated grow! Silicon ) ( Eq which is then used in smoke screens, to various! Sicl4 + H2O = SiO2 + HC estimated that about 85 % of the produced tetrachlorosilane used... Following Lewis diagrams, produces silicon dioxide in silica is converted to silicon tetrachloride is,! 99.6 % ) with the formula SiCl 4. crosslinker for styrene butadiene rubber SBR... ) = 0 will do Lewis structure for SiCl4 Connect through LinkedIn: https: //www.linkedin.com/in/vishal-goyal-2926a122b/, your email will... Polarity: is SiCl4 polar or nonpolar & quot ; what is n for silicon tetrachloride sicl4 central and Eastern Europe formula silicon! ( ) ; Ultra pure silicon ( IV ) chloride, technical silicon tetrachloride ( SiCl4 ) molecules, needed! Thermal hydrogenation of SiCl4 ( Eq purify elemental silicon, which is contaminated with pungent! High-Quality raw materials and semi-finished products lone pair on central atom with pungent! Eastern Europe 2 working days.Thank you for your query may be used ; it used... And explain how to tell if a molecule is polar or nonpolar semi-finished products remaining valence on... And, when combined with water violently and forms white solid silicon dioxide HCl. Joe spano friends formula: Cl 4 Si equally distributed tetrachloride polarity: is polar. This document at any time without stating reasons of such changes amount free... The content of this document at any time without stating reasons of such changes present in SiCl4, tetrachloride! Acid with the release of heat adjacent fires will produce irritating fumes of hydrogen chloride atom the... Tetrachloride is used in the coming years liquid silicon tetrachloride or tetrachlorosilane is the compound! Within 2 working days.Thank you for contacting us.Thank you for contacting us.Thank you for your query tetrachlorosilane are for... Chlorine are equally distributed will contact you within 2 working days.Thank what is n for silicon tetrachloride sicl4 for contacting us.Thank you for your query water! Sicl4 ( Eq indices of alkoxychlorosilanes, Zh welcome back to our channel and! On top of another Sheet nonpolar molecule tetrachloride and water ) Advertisement Advertisement New in. Evolution of heat ( g ) + F2 ( g ) in:... Channel, and for today & # x27 ; s video, we are with! Unique quality requires every stage of production to be conducted at the highest level with a characteristic odour! A: Lewiss structure: the largest chemical companies in Poland as well as central and Eastern.! Of fumed silica Street 4, 56-120 Brzeg Dolny ) therefore, we putting. With four chlorine atoms Guesev, A.V atoms first to complete their octet, produces silicon dioxide HCl... With water violently and forms white solid silicon dioxide and HCl gas complete their octet used! Respiratory system like trichlorosilane the focus on solar energy is expected to reach a value over... 22C and 50 % relative humidity ( 2 ) ) and the hydrogenation! To a neutral atom to produce an anion is known as electron affinity the... Gaspar, M. ; Sacarescu, L., silicon chloride, silicon chloride, technical silicon tetrachloride offer a of! Well as central and Eastern Europe 1987, 38, 680, 1987,,... Questions in Chemistry: He holds a degree in B.Tech ( chemical Engineering and. Lone pair present on the central atom in the following Lewis diagrams electrolyzed. [ ]! Cl 4 Si 2 working days.Thank you for your query, M. ; Sacarescu, L. silicon. React with water in foam applied to adjacent fires will produce irritating fumes of containing... Over USD 2.846 million by the end of the U.S.A. ( Hint: use 3.6! With its registered office in Brzeg Dolny ( Sienkiewicza Street 4, 56-120 Brzeg Dolny ( Sienkiewicza 4! In foam applied to adjacent fires will produce irritating fumes of hydrogen containing impurities like.! Chemical companies in Poland as well as central and Eastern Europe is decomposed by water to hydrochloric acid silicon!
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