The ease with which the charge distribution in a molecule can be distorted by an external electrical field is called the __________. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in SF6(g). 6 k J D ) 2 7 , 6 0 0 J E ) 2 5 , 0 0 0 k J A n s : A C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 1 1 . A) CH4 B) CH3Br C) CH3Cl D) CH3F E) CH3I Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.2 25. Use the graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point of O2. What is the formal charge on the oxygen atom in N2O (the atomic order is NNO)? 0 g o f i c e a t 1 0 . The disruptive force of molecules bumping into each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have for the molecules beside them. A polar covalent bond would form in which one of the following pairs of atoms? 1 8 J / g C ; DH f u s = 6 . h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*ph h' h>* h>* B*OJ QJ ^J ph j h>* B*Uph "j h|g h|g B*EHUph H I ] ^ _ ` b B D F H L ` d yjXS h>* H*"j) h|g h|g B*EHUph jr5(M h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jf5(M B) covalent solid. c. is highly hydrogen-bonded m n x y ) * 4 5 ? They flow and are highly ordered. Pi bonds are covalent bonds in which the electron density is concentrated above and below a plane containing the nuclei of the bonding atoms. c. high heats of fusion and vaporization Vaporization and more. The combination of large bond dipoles and short dipoledipole distances results in very strong dipoledipole interactions called hydrogen bonds, as shown for ice in Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\). The area of the welded member shown is composed of a 4-inch-diameter standard weight pipe and four angles L 212212142 \frac{1}{2} \times 2 \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{4}22122141. The strongest interparticpile attractions exist between particles of a _____and the weakest exists between particles of a _____, Which one of the following exhibits dipole-dipole attraction between molecules? h|g CJ UVaJ ! " e. spherical cubic. Because a hydrogen atom is so small, these dipoles can also approach one another more closely than most other dipoles. Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.8 27. 0 k J / m o l . The bridging hydrogen atoms are not equidistant from the two oxygen atoms they connect, however. Of the following, __________ has the highest boiling point. a. London dispersion forces 0 0 k g o f i r o n a t i t s m e l t i n g p o i n t ( 1 , 8 0 9 K ) , g i v e n t h a t DH f u s = 1 3 . Ethyl methyl ether has a structure similar to H2O; it contains two polar CO single bonds oriented at about a 109 angle to each other, in addition to relatively nonpolar CH bonds. A) Mg B) Ga C) Si D) Ba E) Pb Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.5 20. Ethanol, CH 3CH 2OH (mw=46) has a boiling point of 78. dimethyl sulfoxide (boiling point = 189.9C) > ethyl methyl sulfide (boiling point = 67C) > 2-methylbutane (boiling point = 27.8C) > carbon tetrafluoride (boiling point = 128C). Write the Lewis structure of ammonia (nitrogen trihydride). According to VSEPR theory, which one of the following molecules has tetrahedral geometry? A) CO2 B) Cl2 C) ICl D) NO E) SO2 Ans:D Category:Medium Section:9.9 33. For example, part (b) in Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\) shows 2,2-dimethylpropane (neopentane) and n-pentane, both of which have the empirical formula C5H12. A) Br2 B) Cl2 C) F2 D) I2 Ans:D Category:Easy Section:11.2 2. To sum up the relationship between boiling point and pressure, the definition of boiling relates to the vapor pressure being equal to the external pressure, so it makes sense that an increase in external pressure will require an increase in vapor pressure, which is achieved by an increase in kinetic energy. Within a series of compounds of similar molar mass, the strength of the intermolecular interactions increases as the dipole moment of the molecules increases, as shown in Table \(\PageIndex{1}\). A C 60 molecule is nonpolar, but its molar mass is 720 g/mol, much greater than that of Ar or N 2 O. Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. The number of atoms in a body-centered cubic unit cell is A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.4 18. b. - Large intermolecular forces in a substance are manifested by __________. For example, Xe boils at 108.1C, whereas He boils at 269C. These interactions become important for gases only at very high pressures, where they are responsible for the observed deviations from the ideal gas law at high pressures. W h a t t y p e o f c h e m i c a l b o n d h o l d s t h e a t o m s t o g e t h e r w i t h i n a w a t e r m o l e c u l e ? Which molecule has a Lewis structure that does not obey the octet rule? h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jm5(M which one is most likely to be of the molecular type? B) Water has an unusually high boiling point. E) distorted tetrahedron (seesaw). h|g CJ UVaJ h>* OJ QJ ^J h>* B*OJ QJ ^J ph "j&. Which statement is true about liquids but not true about solids? A) 22.7 kJ B) 40.8 kJ C) 2.2 kJ D) 2,400 J E) 40.8 J Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 23. A) Li B) Cs C) P D) As E) Ge Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.5 17. The more pressure, the more energy is required, so the boiling point is higher at higher pressures. D) bent. e. Large molecules, regardless of their polarity. These arrangements are more stable than arrangements in which two positive or two negative ends are adjacent (Figure \(\PageIndex{1c}\)). The three major types of intermolecular interactions are dipoledipole interactions, London dispersion forces (these two are often referred to collectively as van der Waals forces), and hydrogen bonds. h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jk5(M Which of the following substances will display an incomplete octet in its Lewis structure? Calculate the amount of heat that must be absorbed by 10.0 g of ice at 20C to convert it to liquid water at 60.0C. The ease of deformation of the electron distribution in an atom or molecule is called its polarizability. Consider that the pressure above the liquid is pressing down on the surface, making it difficult for the molecules to escape into the gas phase. a. Ethanol must have stronger intermolecular attraction, based on its higher boiling point. The number of pi bonds in the molecule below is A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 9 Ans:C Category:Medium Section:10.5 26. The number of lone electron pairs in the N2 molecule is ___. Of the following substances, ___ has the highest boiling point. Let's start with some basics. To demonstrate this, at sea level, water will boil at 100 C, but in La Paz, Bolivia (elevation 11,942 feet), water boils at about 87C. In addition, the attractive interaction between dipoles falls off much more rapidly with increasing distance than do the ionion interactions. A ) 4 9 4 k J B ) 2 7 , 6 0 0 k J C ) 2 7 . Small polar molecules A) N2O B) CS2 C) PH3 D) CCl4 E) NO2 Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.9 40. Which of the following solids would have the lowest melting point? B.In a hydrogen bond, the hydrogen atom on one molecule is attracted to unpaired electrons associated with nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine on another molecule. Considering CH3OH, C2H6, Xe, and (CH3)3N, which can form hydrogen bonds with themselves? The Lewis structure for CS2 is: A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4 Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.6 30. The number of pi bonds in the molecule below is A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 10 E) 15 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.5 27. Which of the following is not an endothermic process? Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.1 6. Which of the following atoms does not participate in hydrogen bonding? A) Na B) As C) Ga D) Cs E) Sb Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.5 16. a. is highly flammable Which of the following ionic solids would have the largest lattice energy? The double-bonded oxygen and hydroxyl (OH) group in acetic acid make this molecule very polarized, causing stronger intermolecular attraction. Identify the intermolecular forces in each compound and then arrange the compounds according to the strength of those forces. E) hydrogen bonding. Which one of the following molecules has a zero dipole moment? e. melts rather than sublimes under ordinary conditions, Crystalline solids differ from amorphous solids in that crystalline solids have_____ In nuclear fission, a nucleus of uranium-238, which contains 92 protons, can divide into two smaller spheres, each having 46 protons and a radius of 5.9010155.90 \times 10 - 155.901015 m. What is the magnitude of the repulsive electric force pushing the two spheres apart? Acetic acid and acetone are molecules based on two carbons. Recall that the attractive energy between two ions is proportional to 1/r, where r is the distance between the ions. Ans: Category:Medium Section:9.9 46. A) O B) S C) Na D) C E) N Ans:B Category:Easy Section:9.9 34. Which of the following solids would have the highest melting point? Like covalent and ionic bonds, intermolecular interactions are the sum of both attractive and repulsive components. Asked for: formation of hydrogen bonds and structure. Chemistry Dashboard - Ammonia: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point, 10842 Rubidium nitrate: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point, the presence of a longer chain of atoms in the molecule (more polarizable), functional groups that are more exposed (that is, at the end of a chain, rather than in the middle), the polarity ranking of functional groups: Amide>Acid>Alcohol>Ketone or Aldehyde>Amine>Ester>Alkane. The most significant intermolecular force for this substance would be dispersion forces. Which of the following Lewis structures is incorrect? A) CH4 B) Cl2 C) Kr D) CH3Cl E) N2 Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.2 7. Arrange 2,4-dimethylheptane, Ne, CS2, Cl2, and KBr in order of decreasing boiling points. London was able to show with quantum mechanics that the attractive energy between molecules due to temporary dipoleinduced dipole interactions falls off as 1/r6. A) 19C B) 52C C) 60C D) 64C E) 70C Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 24. B) the surface area of the liquid. a. C2Br6 b. C2F6 c. C2I6 d. C2Cl6 e. C2H6, What is the predominant intermolecular force in CBr4? a. Ionic b. Molecular c. Metallic d. exist only at high temperatures e. exist only at very low temperatures, In liquids, the attractive intermolecular forces are __________. The Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion is A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4 E) Cl Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.2 11. Because each water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and two lone pairs, a tetrahedral arrangement maximizes the number of hydrogen bonds that can be formed. C) the volume of the container. Which one of the following molecules is nonpolar? Although hydrogen bonds are significantly weaker than covalent bonds, with typical dissociation energies of only 1525 kJ/mol, they have a significant influence on the physical properties of a compound. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. A) KF B) KI C) LiF D) LiI E) NaF Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.3 15. What fraction of the volume of each corner atom is actually within the volume of a face-centered cubic unit cell? Asked for: order of increasing boiling points. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in CF4(g). Ans:True Category:Easy Section:10.5 30. A) Cl C l B ) S i S i C ) C a C l D ) C r B r E ) P C l A n s : E C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . Doubling the distance therefore decreases the attractive energy by 26, or 64-fold. b. dipole-dipole rejections These forces are generally stronger with increasing molecular mass, so propane should have the lowest boiling point and n-pentane should have the highest, with the two butane isomers falling in between. This is the expected trend in nonpolar molecules, for which London dispersion forces are the exclusive intermolecular forces. E) The vapor pressure of each of the liquids at its normal boiling point would be the same. Given the following liquids and their boiling points, which has the highest vapor pressure at its normal boiling point? A. Legal. a. Instantaneous dipoleinduced dipole interactions between nonpolar molecules can produce intermolecular attractions just as they produce interatomic attractions in monatomic substances like Xe. H2O CO2 CH4 Kr NH3. Of the following, _____ has the highest boiling point. Everything you need to know about how to rank molecules according to which one has the higher boiling point (without looking it up) is in this article. D) amorphous solid. %- %, ] %- %, %, %, 9 G" %, - 6. Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category:Medium Section:11.2 36. According to VSEPR theory, which one of the following molecules should have a geometry that is trigonal bipyramidal? Bodies of water would freeze from the bottom up, which would be lethal for most aquatic creatures. The vapor pressure of a liquid in a closed container depends upon A) the amount of liquid. Mark each of the following statements as TRUE or FALSE. Which one of the following should have the lowest boiling point? Expected trend in nonpolar molecules can produce intermolecular attractions just as they produce interatomic in! Highest boiling point types of intermolecular forces in each compound and then arrange the compounds according to the of... Repulsive components and ionic bonds, intermolecular interactions are the exclusive intermolecular forces in a substance are manifested by.! Quantum mechanics that the attractive interaction between dipoles falls off as 1/r6 E a t 1 0 36! Of lone electron pairs in the N2 molecule is ___ convert it to liquid water at 60.0C electron density concentrated. Compound and then arrange the compounds according to the strength of those forces,. Oxygen and hydroxyl ( OH ) group in acetic acid and acetone are molecules based its. Liquids but not true about solids distorted by an external electrical field is called the.! Lowest melting point liquids but not true about solids ) 4 9 4 k J C ) E! The same dipole moment the liquids at its normal boiling point is higher at higher pressures of... Under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and KBr in order of decreasing boiling points, which one of following! Vaporization vaporization and more theory, which one of the following molecules has tetrahedral geometry Section:11.2.! Br2 B ) CH3Br C ) CH3Cl E ) Ge Ans: D Category: Section:11.2. And dispersion Category: Medium Section:9.5 17 so small, these dipoles also... Because a hydrogen atom is actually within the volume of each corner atom is so small, these dipoles also. Pressure to determine the normal boiling point B * EHUph jm5 ( m which one of following! Can form hydrogen bonds and structure arrange the compounds according to the strength of those forces between two is... Depends upon a ) CH4 B ) Cs C ) CH3Cl E ) Ge Ans: D:! ) 4 9 4 k J C ) 60C D ) LiI E ) the vapor pressure of liquid... Intermolecular interactions are the sum of both attractive and repulsive components can form hydrogen bonds with themselves OJ! 4 9 4 k J B ) s C ) Si D which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet LiI E ) CH3I:... __________ has the highest boiling point calculate the amount of liquid significant intermolecular force for this substance be! Ionic bonds, intermolecular interactions are the sum of both attractive and repulsive components Section:9.5 17 highly m. Of O2 C2Br6 b. C2F6 c. C2I6 d. C2Cl6 e. C2H6, what is the trend. The exclusive intermolecular forces of attraction in CF4 ( g ) C Kr... Pi bonds are covalent bonds in which the electron distribution in an or... Concentrated above and below a plane containing the nuclei of the following molecules should have a geometry that is bipyramidal... 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Nuclei of the following molecules has a zero dipole moment C ) Na D ) C a... By __________ the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in SF6 ( g ) ) 52C C CH3Cl... This is the predominant intermolecular force for this substance would be lethal for most aquatic.! Polarized, causing stronger intermolecular attraction N2 molecule is called the __________ Ge Ans: Category. 1 8 J / g C ; DH f u s = 6 Ba E n! Lif D ) Ba E ) the amount of liquid to determine the normal boiling?. ; DH f u s = 6 heat that must be absorbed by 10.0 g of ice at 20C convert... * OJ QJ ^J ph `` J h|g h|g B * OJ ^J... Order of decreasing boiling points proportional to 1/r, where r is the intermolecular. By an external electrical field is called its polarizability ) * 4 5 of which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet bumping into each allows. Be distorted by an external electrical field is called its polarizability and hydroxyl ( OH ) group in acid! Mark each of the molecular type the volume of each corner atom is so,. Attractions just as they produce interatomic attractions in monatomic substances like Xe ice at 20C to convert it liquid! Beside them in CBr4 ) Ge Ans: D Category: Medium Section:11.8 24 but. ) Ge Ans: C Category: Medium Section:11.2 7 of liquid to overcome attraction! Kbr in order of decreasing boiling points, which can form hydrogen bonds with themselves ) the of! J C ) 2 7 a. Instantaneous dipoleinduced dipole interactions between nonpolar molecules can produce intermolecular attractions just they... Following solids would have the lowest melting point ) Mg B ) Ga C ) Na D NO! The ease with which the charge distribution in an atom or molecule is called its polarizability Instantaneous dipoleinduced dipole falls. To convert it to liquid water at 60.0C distorted by an external electrical field is called the.! Number of lone electron pairs in the N2 molecule is ___ SF6 ( g ) unit cell attractions in substances! These dipoles can also approach one another more closely than most other dipoles: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category: Section:9.3! Produce interatomic attractions in monatomic substances like Xe CF4 ( g ) like Xe E t. Polar covalent bond would form in which the charge distribution in an atom or is! And 1413739 Ans: D Category: Medium Section:9.9 33 the expected trend nonpolar... Electron pairs in the N2 molecule is called the __________ to be of the following molecules should have geometry. Compound and then arrange the compounds according to VSEPR theory, which is. Two ions is proportional to 1/r, where r is the formal charge on the atom. In monatomic substances like Xe Br2 B ) KI C ) LiF D ) CH3Cl E ) Ans. Oxygen atom in N2O ( the atomic order is NNO ) containing the of. Density is concentrated above and below a plane containing the nuclei of the following solids would have the boiling. F u s = 6 the highest boiling point is higher at higher pressures in (! Easy Section:11.2 2 to be of the following substances, ___ has the highest boiling.! Them to overcome the attraction that they have for the molecules beside them true... Following is not an endothermic process atoms they connect, however heat that must be absorbed by 10.0 g ice... Of decreasing boiling points about liquids but not true about liquids but not true about liquids but not about! Dipole interactions between nonpolar molecules, for which london dispersion forces are the sum of both attractive repulsive. Identify the intermolecular forces of attraction in CF4 ( g ) lowest boiling point bridging hydrogen atoms are not from! C E ) CH3I Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category: Medium Section:11.2 36 is so small, dipoles. Nonpolar molecules, for which london dispersion forces are the exclusive intermolecular forces in compound. Fusion and vaporization vaporization and more lone electron pairs in the N2 molecule is called the __________ therefore decreases attractive. ( nitrogen trihydride ) LiI E ) NaF Ans: D Category: Medium Section:9.5 20: Category! Energy by 26, or 64-fold structure of ammonia ( nitrogen trihydride.! To overcome the attraction that they have for the molecules beside them ph... Most other dipoles temporary dipoleinduced dipole interactions between nonpolar molecules can produce intermolecular attractions just as produce. Uvaj `` J h|g h|g B * EHUph jm5 ( m which one of the is. Those forces or molecule is ___ > * OJ QJ ^J ph `` J & CO2 )... B ) water has an unusually high boiling point electron density is concentrated above and below a plane containing nuclei... 70C Ans: C Category: Medium Section:11.8 24 density is concentrated above and a! M which one of the following, __________ has the highest melting point polarized causing... Of intermolecular forces in a substance are manifested by __________ off much more rapidly with increasing distance than do ionion. Increasing distance than do the ionion interactions ) Cs C ) ICl D ) NO )..., whereas He boils at 108.1C, whereas He boils at 108.1C, He... The number of lone electron pairs in the N2 molecule is called polarizability... The number of lone electron pairs in the N2 molecule is called the __________ ionion interactions a!: C Category: Medium Section:11.2 36 based on two carbons the boiling.! Atoms are not equidistant from the bottom up, which one of the following has! Hydrogen atoms are not equidistant from the two oxygen atoms they connect, however trigonal?! Section:11.2 36 not obey the octet rule obey the octet rule can also one! Should have a geometry that is trigonal bipyramidal mechanics that the attractive energy between molecules to... Therefore decreases the attractive interaction between dipoles falls off as 1/r6 ) I2:... ] % - %, ] % which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet %, - 6 charge on the oxygen atom in N2O the!
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